Spot ETH trading and custody for retail clients in Germany and Spain

Openbank, Santander's digital bank, opened trading in bitcoin, ETH, litecoin, polygon and cardano to its customers in Germany on 16 September 2025. Customers buy, sell and hold the coins in their Openbank account alongside their other investments, under MiCA. Openbank added the service in Spain on 11 November 2025. Trades cost 1.49%, with a minimum of 1 euro, and there is no custody fee. This is custody of ETH itself, not tokenization.